BCG Matrix and the Product Life Cycle Essay

Presentation: The BCG Matrix and the Product Life Cycle are two significant instruments that identify with various parts of a product’s execution: †¢The BCG sees piece of the pie and market development and how they sway on money utilization and age. †¢The PLC takes a gander at deals/incomes after some time and levels of productivity. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix Organizations must keep their item contributions significant and beneficial to remain in activity. The Boston Consulting Group built up an apparatus, called the BCG lattice, for ordering a firm’s items comparable to the general item life cycle. Item life cycle depends on the perception that items create, like creatures, through particular periods of development that contrast in measure of assets required and delivered. The BCG grid puts every item an organization offers as indicated by the development pace of the business and the relative piece of the overall industry the item controls. Distinguishing which quadrant of the BCG framework an item offering falls into gives important direction to the board about the eventual fate of that item Stars Items that appreciate a high relative situation as far as piece of the pie in a developing business sector are alluded to as stars. They require huge ventures to keep up the piece of the pie, yet regularly produce enough income to cover their costs. Firms should focus on it to keep up the piece of the pie of items in the star quadrant of the BCG grid to expand deals. As the item enters development, and development rates decrease beneath 10 percent, keeping up piece of the overall industry will require less venture, yet produce comparable income, and become money cows. Money Cows Money cows produce considerable benefits for their organizations since they require little speculation to keep up their high portion of the market. Chiefs ought to occupy benefits from money cows to help shield piece of the overall industry of star items, grow new items for developing markets, or turn battling items around. While money dairy animals regularly give the biggest overall revenue in an organization portfolio, firms keen on keeping up long haul gainfulness must put resources into shielding and making star items that will become money bovines' Low piece of the overall industry items that show low development are alluded to asâ dogs. Directors ought to limit the quantity of pooches in the item portfolio. While numerous chiefs look for the test of attempting to turn a canine item around, extra investigation ought to be given to any interest in hound items. Firms ought to conclude whether to discover a specialty in the product’s market to control or strip from the item completely to let loose assets for increasingly gainful endeavors. Question Marks The most upsetting quadrant on the BCG network is loaded up with items in high-development showcases that control moderately frail situations inside their business sectors. These items, called question marks, require huge ventures to create. Indeed, even with considerable financing, a question mark item is off guard because of the wild rivalry in high-development markets. Chiefs ought to consider the probability and methods for expanding piece of the pie, for example, having some expertise in a specialty advertise, before designating extra assets to question marks. In the event that a question mark is probably not going to catch a specialty market or contrast the better settled rivalry, the firm ought to strip to build its general productivity A few confinements of the BCG network model include: †¢The first issue can be the way we characterize market and how we get information about piece of the pie †¢A high piece of the pie doesn't really prompt productivity consistently †¢The model utilizes just two measurements †piece of the overall industry and item or administration development rate †¢Low offer or specialty organizations can be productive as well (a few Dogs can be more beneficial than money Cows) †¢The model doesn't reflect development paces of the general market †¢The model dismisses the impacts of collaboration between specialty units †¢Market development isn't the main marker for allure of a market There are most likely considerably more perspectives that should be considered in a specific utilization of the BCG model Product Life Cycle (plc) The item life cycle has 4 unmistakably characterized stages, each with its own attributes that mean various things for business that are attempting to deal with the existence pattern of their specific items. Presentation Stage †This phase of the cycle could be the most costly for an organization propelling another item. The size of the market for the item is little, which meansâ sales are low, in spite of the fact that they will be expanding. Then again, the expense of things like innovative work, shopper testing, and the showcasing expected to dispatch the item can be extremely high, particularly if it’s a serious segment. Development Stage †The development stage is ordinarily described by a solid development in deals and benefits, and on the grounds that the organization can begin to profit by economies of scale underway, the net revenues, just as the general measure of benefit, will increment. This makes it workable for organizations to put more cash in the limited time action to expand the capability of this development stage. Development Stage †During the development stage, the item is set up and the focus on the producer is presently to keep up the piece of the overall industry they have developed. This is likely the most serious time for most items and organizations need to put shrewdly in any promoting they attempt. They additionally need to think about any item alterations or upgrades to the creation procedure which may give them an upper hand. Decay Stage †Eventually, the market for an item will begin to therapist, and this is what’s known as the decrease stage. This shrinkage could be because of the market getting soaked (for example all the clients who will purchase the item have just bought it), or in light of the fact that the shoppers are changing to an alternate sort of item. While this decrease might be unavoidable, it might at present be fea sible for organizations to make some benefit by changing to more affordable creation strategies and less expensive markets The connection between the BCG Matrix and the item life cycle The level pivot of the BCG Matrix speaks to advertise Shareand the vertical hub demonstrates foreseen showcase development. The corporate business is isolated into four categoriesthey are money dairy animals, stars, question marks, hounds. The item life cycle is another item advances through an arrangement of stages from prologue to develop, development, and decrease. The four classes of corporate business relate to the four phases of the item life cycle (1) Question marks organizations compare to the presentation phase of the item life cycle. Question marks organizations are in an alluring industry however hold a little piece of the overall industry rate. In the acquaintance stage the firm looks for with fabricate piece of the overall industry quickly construct item mindfulness and build up a business opportunity for the item. (2) Starts organizations compare to the growthâ stage of the item life cycle. Start organizatio ns are in a quickly developing business sector, and hold a predominant portion of that showcase. Their commitment to income relies upon their requirement for assets. In the development stage, the firm looks to fabricate brand inclination and increment piece of the overall industry. Piece of the overall industry will in general balance out. (3) Cash dairy animals organizations relate to the development phase of the item life cycle. Money dairy animals organizations in this produce a lot of money yet their possibilities for future development are restricted In the development stage, the market arrives at immersion. The essential goal is to guard piece of the pie while boosting benefit. (4) Dogs organizations in this classification don't maker purchaser much money. Anyway they hold no guarantee for improved execution. In decrease stage there is a downturn in the market as deals decay cease the item exchanging remaining stock or auction. The distinction between the BCG Matrix and the item life cycle †¢The corporate business is isolated into four classifications from two parts of piece of the overall industry and foreseen development rate anyway the item life cycle is separated into four phases from two parts of deals and time. †¢The BCG Matrix can generally judge enterprise’s in general working conditions yet the item life cycle just mirrors the market execution of a solitary item. †¢The BCG framework principally considers the assignment and utilization of corporate assets, however the item life cycle basically examines the utilization of the item promoting methodology. †¢ The BCG grid can reflects corporate a wide range of business conditions, yet the item life cycle can not mirrors all organizations and item in the bend

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Bizarre Meeting ‘Strange Meeting’ by Wilfred Owen is a sonnet about an officer in war who reaches the soul of a dead warrior. The sonnet starts with the alleviation of a trooper as he gets away from the war; yet then acknowledges where he was the point at which he sees the dead warrior. The soul reveals to him that joining war is essentially a misuse of your life. The sonnet portrays the brutality and cruelty of war, and what it’s like to be in it. Owen’s primary point was to open up reality with regards to war and the terrible and grim truth of being an officer, repudiating the promulgation outlining troopers as gallant, noteworthy, and glad. Owen’s sonnet ‘Strange Meeting’ shows the abhorrences of war through sensational and paramount symbolism that permit us to have profound sympathy for the youthful troopers, regardless of whether it’s physical or the soldier’s internal mental agony. For instance, â€Å"They will be quick with quickness of the tigress† (line 29) is a similitude depicting the fierce assaults during the war. Then, â€Å"With a thousand feelings of trepidation that vision's face was grained† (line 11) gives an away from of what the dead soldier’s face resembled, carrying compassion to the peruser. These pictures are utilized to show the gigantic damage and the ruthlessness of war and its impact on men. The dead warrior portrays the blood that stopped up their â€Å"chariot-wheels† (line 35) indicating his lament for taking an interest in the war since he knew about its offensiveness. Subsequently, when the fighter expresses that â€Å"the temp les of men have drained where no injuries were† (line 42), he really communicates the savagery of war and how it leaves men with scarred spirits. These pictures feature the unadulterated torment of war. Owen’s utilization of sound similarity, similar sounding word usage and likeness in sound in the sonnet help to breath life into it and help us to remember the awful circumstance at ... ...fred Owen to viably fabricate compassion toward the second trooper as he portrays the torment that men endured in war. It is simply subsequent to having depicted the second warrior that we discover his genuine identity†the adversary the officer killed back in war, which can be demonstrated with the second soldier’s unexpected inquiry, â€Å"I am the foe you killed, my friend?† (line 43). To finish up, Wilfred Owen composed reality. That was his objective. He didn't attempt to perform his verse. Its effortlessness is the thing that draws perusers and what they believe they can identify with. In â€Å"Strange Meeting†, Owen demonstrated to his perusers that his purpose was the straightforward truth; and as I would see it, this is the thing that he achieved †to share the abomination of war through the eyes of two warriors. This sonnet truly addressed me, his shrewd words played like a film in my and reality behind the lines of the sonnet truly stunned me.

A Famous Metaphysical Poet Essay Example for Free

A Famous Metaphysical Poet Essay Andrew Marvell was an acclaimed Metaphysical Poet. Marvell lived from 1621 to 1678 and made a couple of achievements, his sonnet has one of a kind style and subject for his time, and his sonnet contains a profound examination. He composed a few love sonnets; â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† was one of his most surprising sonnets for the time in history which he lived. Conceived on March 31, 1621, in Winestead-in-Holderness, Yorkshire, England Marvell was the child of an Anglican minister. He went to Hull Grammar school, and at 12 years old started school at Cambridge University. He earned his bachelor’s qualification in 1638, however it is accepted that he remained at Cambridge until 1641 for a master’s certificate. Very little is thought about Andrew Marvell’s life; however researchers do know during the 1650s he had a section in the English Government. In 1657 He was selected Assistant Latin Secretary to the Council of the state; in 1659 he focused more on political parody and quit composing verse. During Marvell’s life time England’s government made them shock changes. Government and parliament cooperated, however King James I didn't have the aptitude to deal with a nation, yet the administration increased more issues when his child, Charles I succeeded him. Lord Charles I was ousted and decapitated. Britain needed to build up another administration, in the wake of doing as such; Charles II was made King of England. Marvell kicked the bucket on August 16, 1678 because of a fever. â€Å"While he isn't believed to be hitched, soon after his demise, a lady professing to be his widow distributed a volume of his poetry† (Ruby 276). He was one of the main brains and humorists, a Puritan, and an open safeguard of individual freedom during his time. Today he is simply known for his verse. (Margoliouth, Sackville-West, Hunt, Murray, Toliver, Legouis, Wallace, Friednreich, Donno. 1) In the 1600s Marvell’s sonnet â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† was viewed as â€Å"obscene and obscure† due to his message in the sonnet, and the control the congregation had over the individuals. Marvell is considered to have been a carpe diem author, and some of the time portrayed as a powerful writer. Carpe diem implies the composing style urges a peruser to â€Å"seize the day† on the grounds that life is short; Metaphysical writers utilize numerous one of a kind allegories and were acknowledged for their creativity. Jeffrey Karon states â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† might be one of Marvell’s most damaging sonnets. â€Å"Its quality is that having betrayed itself in the normal way of unexpected sonnets, it at that point betrays its own inside objections† (Karon standard. 39). In the sonnet, the speaker portrays how he could revere his special lady everlastingly; anyway section two the tone movements to time hurrying past and the mistress’s physical excellence being squandered away with it. The speaker needs to beat time and make the most of his mistress’s organization. There are a wide range of topics in â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, for example, time, love, enthusiasm, enticement, excellence, and demise. This sonnet is of forty-six lines, and three passages splitting the rhyming couplets. Marvell utilized embodiment, overstatements, and exceptionally odd illustrations. The speaker is addressing his fancy woman in an expository circumstance. He enthusiastically portrays his adoration for her and there isn't sufficient opportunity to live to give her how excellent she is, and how extraordinary his affection is for her. He needs his affection with his escort to go further by getting personal with one another, despite the fact that she needs to spare her virginity because of her strict perspectives with the congregation. He illuminates her if their affection is valid and they are enamored, they should advance their relationship. The lady is supposed to be hesitant in light of the fact that she is taking a lot of time, and time doesn’t stop for anybody. â€Å"’To His Coy Mistress’ is a brilliant case of a carpe diem sonnet, a Latin expression meaning ‘seize the day’† (Adams standard. 8). The initial two lines of the sonnet the principle subject, time, is acquainted with the peruser. It is essentially saying life passes rapidly and one ought not squander their childhood, that they ought to â€Å"seize the day. † The primary section of the sonnet the speaker depicts how life is unreasonably short for them to sit around idly. He utilizes outlandish similitudes, for example, â€Å"vegetable love† to depict to what extent he could adore his paramour. Starting at line seven until line eighteen he utilizes overstatements to portray the measure of years he could cherish her and dedicate to adore her. He depicts her physical appeal and to what extent he could adore all aspects of her body and obviously her heart. In section two the speaker goes from talking about his adoration for his courtesan to envisioning her grave. He talks about time as the driver in a chariot hustling nearer to them; he utilizes â€Å"hurrying† to the show the trouble of the brief period they have. A couple of lines down in this section, he depicts to his paramour her virginity will in the end after some time amount to nothing, and when she bites the dust it will be an uncommon and useless fortune. In the initial scarcely any lines of third and last section the speaker depicts his courtesan as â€Å"morning dew† saying she is youthful and her skin a sound shine simply like the dew over the grass in the early morning. Another colorful representation he utilizes is â€Å"birds of prey. † He and his fancy woman are the flying creatures, and they are going after time. They need to eat and not be eaten. The speaker at long last gets through and prevails upon his special lady utilizing the last scarcely any lines of the sonnet. He is stating to her they should take all aspects of themselves, the solid, the sweet, and the helpless, fold it up into a ball and meet up as one to beat time. Since they can't make the sun remain still they will race with him, the speaker utilizing embodiment and causing the sun to appear as though an individual truly hustling with him. Marvell was not recognized for his remarkable, yet splendid sonnets until after his demise, he changed the importance of Metaphysical Poet. Marvell made a couple of achievements, his sonnets normally had one of a kind style and subject for his time, and his sonnet contains a profound investigation. This could be an ideal sonnet for somebody inspired by affection sonnets with profound significance.

How is gender determined Discuss with relevance to childrens play - Free Essay Example

Introduction There is a difference between the terms sex and gender. Sex refers to biological differences such as chromosomes, hormones and internal and external sex organs, whereas gender is the way in which males and females behave in society, displaying what are considered as masculine or feminine traits. These traits are often stereotypes about what constitutes being a male or female in society (Unger, 1979). There are a number of ways in which children develop gender and an understanding at a young age that they are a boy or a girl. The development may occur through social learning theory, (SLT, Bandura, 1977) or through cognitive schema theory (Martin and Halverson, 1981). Children tend to grow up understanding they are a boy or girl and this knowledge becomes a part of their self-concept. The following essay will consider the ways in which gender develops in childhood and how stereotypical perspectives of gender are perpetuated. The Biological Approach to Gender A powerful argument for the biological influence on gender can be made when evaluating the study of David Reimer (Money, 1975). Money worked with children born with genitalia that was not clearly defined as either male or female, and, in his role as a doctor, he believed that gender could be reassigned. It was argued by Money that children are born gender neutral and their gender identity develops as a consequence of behavioural interventions and SLT as proposed by Bandura (1977). David Reimer was one of a pair of male monozygotic twins whose penis was burnt off during an operation for circumcision. The penis could not be repaired and at 7 months it was decided by doctors and his parents that a functional vagina could be constructed and David should be raised as a girl, Brenda. Money reported originally that the gender reassignment had been a success and Brenda as a child was feminine, liked wearing dresses and playing with dolls. Although Brenda also had tomboyish characteristi cs it was suggested that this was due to the games played with her twin brother. However, despite Moneys claims that nature could be overcome by nurture and gender was not biologically determined it was later reported that Brenda had been desperately unhappy as a female child and at 14 years she became male again (Diamond and Sigmundson, 1997). It was argued by Money that the study was reliable because Davids twin brother acted as a control as the twins shared the same genes and environment which meant their behaviours could be classified as being either nature or nurture. The findings of the study were biased and based on the subjective interpretations made by Money, perhaps to prove the veracity of his theory regarding gender reassignment. The study was a unique case study and ethically could not be replicated to investigate whether other children, perhaps younger than David, could adapt to gender reassignment. There have been cases have reported successful adaptation such as D aphne Went, who was born with the condition testicular feminising syndrome (TFS). This means that although the individual is biologically male they have external female genitalia. Daphne was happy as a female, unlike David Reimer, who in adulthood committed suicide (Goldwyn, 1979) Another supporting argument for the biological differences between males and females was found using neuroimaging techniques and electroencephalogram (EEG). It has been shown, for example, that males tend to use the left hemisphere of the brain more than their right hemisphere, whereas females are less lateralised and this may have an effect on gender. The right hemisphere of the brain is involved in aspects of language and it has been found that females tend to use both hemispheres more equally than males (Koles, Lind and Flor-Henry, 2010). Is Gender Socially Constructed? There is a strong argument that gender is a socially constructed concept. This means that labels such as gender are meaningless as there is no scientific foundation for such labels. Nevertheless, such labels become entrenched in everyday language and knowledge with only a few people questioning such terms (Gergen, 2009). Gergen argues that gender can be classified in various forms in addition to the male/female dichotomous representation. Diamond and Butterworth (2008) similarly propose that gender should be a fluid concept that allows individuals who do not see themselves as fitting into either a male or female heterosexual category, to define themselves as lesbian, bisexual or transsexual. The Role of Play in Gender Development Children typically become aware of their gender identity and that they are either a boy or a girl at a very young age. When gender awareness develops, children tend to participate consistently in what society perceives as being gender appropriate behaviours. Kohlberg, (1966, p.89) proposes that by the age of 3-years a child has a cognitive representation of the relationship between behaviour and gender, for example, I am a boy, therefore I want to do boy things, therefore the opportunity to do boy things (and to gain approval for doing them) is rewarding. However, a criticism of Kohlbergs theory is that children are exposed to many influences before the age of 3-years that have a fundamental role in the formation of gender identity. Martin and Halverson (1981) propose that young children develop a gender schema (a set of beliefs or expectations) about the self which includes roles for males and roles for females, which they observe in everyday life, thus they remember gender specif ic behaviours and forget or ignore information about opposite-gender behaviours. Martin and Halversons model explains how gender stereotypes develop and are resistant to change for most children as they become older. Parents, siblings and peers reinforce gender stereotypes from birth and therefore it could be argued that gender-related behaviours develop because they are encouraged by other people who are close to the child. Female infants typically have pink clothes and nurseries, while boys often have blue clothes and nurseries. It is suggested by Bandura (1977) that children learn behaviours through the observation and imitation of others and in particular the behaviours of same-sex others (such as mothers or sisters). Behaviours are further reinforced if they are rewarded or praised, for example, behaviours that are perceived as being gender appropriate. If behaviour is perceived as being gender inappropriate this tends to be discouraged (Fagot, 1978).ÂÂ   In a study und ertaken by Fagot (1985) the notion of same sex-peers influencing behaviour was observed with a group of 21-25 month old boys and girls. Behaviours of the children were classified as male, female or neutral and the reactions of the teachers and children to the behaviours were recorded. It was found that the boys gave positive responses when other boys engaged in male activities and the girls responded positively to the other girls rather than boys. The nursery school teachers could influence the girls to alter their behaviours, from physical activities to quieter activities. Neither the girls nor the teachers could influence the boys to change their behaviour, and they continued with physical activities, tending not to take any notice of the teachers. The boys did not respond to the teachers requests even when the quieter activities were positively reinforced, which does not support SLT, although the boys themselves had a greater effect in changing other boys behaviours. There hav e been a large number of studies which have found that children play with toys that are gender-specific (Bussey and Bandura, 1999). A study conducted by Fagot (1978) asked parents to rate the play of their children aged between 20- and 24-months in their own homes. It was found that parents rated the most appropriate behaviours for girls as playing with dolls, dancing and dressing up. For boys the more appropriate behaviour was physical activities such as rough and tumble play, playing with blocks and manipulating objects. It was also found that girls were not encouraged to undertake tasks that involved manipulating objects while the boys were discouraged from playing with dolls (Fagot, 1978). The study demonstrates that parents have different approaches towards their children and gender specific play. Using pictures of toys, Serbin, Poulin-Dubois, Colburne, Sen and Eichstedt (2001) found that children of 12-, 18- and 24-months preferred stereotypically gender specific toys such as boys preferred trucks and girls preferred dolls. Wong and Hines (2015) undertook a study with boys and girls at two different ages; firstly at 20-40 months and then at 26-47 months. The study used two stereotypical gender-specific toys (a train and a doll) and colour coded a-typical toys in either pink or blue. The findings were predictable as the girls played with the doll and the boys played with the train. However, for the colour-coded a-typical toys the results showed that children were strongly influenced by the colour (for example, the boys avoided playing with anything coded pink). The authors conclude that colour coding toys should be avoided as it may allow all children to develop different skills by playing with different types of stereotypical gender-specific toys, particularly if the colour was more neutral. Miller (1987) reports that stereotypical gender specific toys have an effect on cognitive and social development of boys and girls, and that it is difficult to find similarities in either the toys or the play of boys and girls. This perspective is supported by a study undertaken by Cherney, Kelly-Vance, Glover, Ruane and Ryalls (2003). The study investigated how stereotypical gender specific toys influenced cognitive development on children aged 18-47 months. The children were observed in a playroom for complex play activities. According to Cherney et al. play is an appropriate way to assess childrens cognitive development, for example the change to symbolic play from exploratory play. Such changes may also help identify children at risk from developmental delay. However, it is reported that very young children (18-months) show different abilities depending on the toys they are playing with. The findings of this study are relevant because children are assessed for their cognitive development at an early age and therefore may not show their potential if given atypical toys that are not gender specific. The findings showed a larger effect f or girls in comparison to boys, in that a higher degree of complexity of play was shown when the girls played with stereotypical girls toys such as a kitchen and dolls. Thus a selection of toys need to be used when assessing children in formal standardised test situations. However, the study does not mention cultural differences in play and whether the findings would apply to different cultures and ethnic groups. Conclusion The evidence presented indicates that both nature, nurture and the wider society perpetuate and emphasise gender stereotypes in childhood. The differences between males and female involve biological differences and in Moneys (1975) longitudinal study of David Reimer showed that nature was dominant over nurture (Diamond and Sigmundson, 1997). This appears to support the idea that gender is a socially constructed concept that identifies two groups (Gergen, 2009) although it is argued that there are more facets to gender than the dominant male/female dichotomy (Diamond and Butterworth, 2008) Gender is learnt from an early age and SLT (Bandura, 1977) has a role in determining gender with parents reinforcing what society considers appropriate behaviour for boys and girls (Fagot, 1978) Children develop a mental framework or schema of behaviours that are appropriate for either male or female children. The schema appears to be reflected very strongly in the way children play and the typ e of toys they play with from an early age. Toys can be classified as being stereotypical for either boys or girls and this is particularly the case if toys are coloured pink or blue (Wong and Hines, 2015). The problem with gender specific toys is that they result in gender stereotypical behaviours, roles and activities (Cherney et al. 2003). A further problem is that because children show a strong preference for stereotypical gender-related toys, if such toys are not used in formal standardised tests, the childs full ability may be incorrectly recorded (Cherney et al. 2003). One omission from many studies is the play of children from different cultures and ethnic groups and how their play affects gender stereotypes. This would appear to be very relevant in contemporary society although this does not appear to be mentioned in the Wong and Hines (2015) study. References Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bussey, K. and Bandura, (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation.ÂÂ   Psychological Review, 106, pp.676-713. Cherney, I.D., Kelly-Vance, L., Glover, K.G., Ruane, A. and Ryalls, B.O. (2003). The effects of stereotyped toys and gender on play assessment in children aged 18-47 months. Educational Psychology, 23(1), 95-106 Diamond, M. and Sigmundson H.K. (1997). Sex reassignment at birth: Long-term review and clinical implications. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 151(3), 298-304. Diamond, L.M. and Butterworth, M. (2008). Questioning gender and sexual identity: dynamic links over time. Sex Roles, 59, 365-376. Fagot, B.I. (1978). The influence of sex of child on parental reactions to toddler children. Child Development, 49, 459-465. Fagot, B.I. (1985). Beyond the reinforcement principle: Another step to understanding sex role development . Developmental Psychology, 21(6), 1097-1104. Gergen, K.J. (2009). An Invitation to Social Construction, 2nd edition. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Goldwyn, E. (1979). The fight to be male. The Listener, May, 709-712 Kohlberg, L. (1966). A cognitive-developmental analysis of childrens sex-role concepts and attitudes.ÂÂ   In E.E. Maccoby (Ed.) The Development of Sex Differences. Stanford, CA. Stanford University Press. Koles, Z.J., Lind, J.C. and Flor-Henry, P. (2010). Gender differences in brain functional organization during verbal and spatial cognitive challenges. Brain Topography, 23(2), 199-204. Martin, C.L. and Halverson, C.F. Jr. (1981). A schematic processing model of sex typing and stereotyping in children. Child Development, 54, 563-574 Miller, C.L. (1987). Qualitative differences among gender-stereotyped toys: implications for cognitive and social development in girls and boys. Sex Roles 16(9/10), 473-487 Money, J. (1975). Ablatio penis: Normal m ale infant sex-reassigned as a girl. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 4(1) pp.65-71. Serbin, L.A., Poulin-Dubois, D., Colburne, K.A., Sen, M.G. and Eichstedt, J.A. (2001). Gender stereotyping in infancy: visual preferences for and knowledge of gender stereotyped toys in the second year. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25(1), pp.7-15. Unger, R.K. (1979). Toward a redefinition of sex and gender. American Psychologist, 34(11), 1085-1094 Wong, W. and Hines, M. (2015). Effects of gender color-coding on toddlers gender-typical toy play. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 44(5), 1233-1242

Crime Is The Violation Of Societal Rules Of Behavior Essay

According to Sigel (2012), crime is the violation of societal rules of behaviour as interpreted and expressed by a criminal legal code, created by people who hold social and political power. Any violation of these rules by an individual may subject themselves to sanctions by the state authority, social stigma and the loss of status. Crime may be broken down into three types, property crimes, offenses against the person and statutory offenses. A status offense is an illegal act committed by a juvenile or juveniles, who are minors. A status offence is an act committed by a juvenile whose actions are not in line with the law or the area in which it was committed as if an adult committed it. There are different types of status offences, which can vary, depending on where it is committed. The most common ones though are truancy, running away, being beyond the control of parents or guardians, violating curfew, or possession and usage of alcohol or tobacco, Michon (2016). From these common offenses, it is clear to see that this can be an issue in the Caribbean society. In order to find better means by which to reduce status offenses in the Caribbean, then by studying the relevant theories associated with them would help to explain their origins. In the Jamaican society, more specifically, teenage high school students, easily stressed, bullied, may have suicidal tendencies and influenced by their peers – which can lead to smoking and drinking alcohol Budd (2011). Based on a surveyShow MoreRelatedDeviance Is Not A Quality Of The Act1048 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Becker wrote that deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sometimes to an offender . The deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied; deviant behavior is people so label (Winfree and Abadinsky, p. 227, 2010). 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However, due to the dynamism of the societies, what may be regardedRead MoreDefining Crime As A Social Phenomenon Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pagesregards crime as being a social phenomenon; it can include the many processes involved in making laws, breaking laws, and also has a hand in how we as a society react to the breaking of crimes, so in short, rules assist in regulating behavior. 2) Rules act as the key principle in allowing society to function as smoothly as possible; without rules or regulations society would not have the structure and balance it currently has or tries to impose. The common rules that are created from societal normsRead MoreReasoning And Justification For Drug Abuse1542 Words   |  7 Pagesis a justification of crime â€Å"that is seen valid by the delinquent but not by the legal system or society at large.† Sykes and Matza state that young people that perform criminal acts still uphold and value societal norms and expectations for how one should act, rather than completely replacing society s values as contrary to Sutherland s theory of differential association (which states that offenders have â€Å"motives, drives, rationalizations and attitudes favorable to violation of law†). Four observationsRead MoreWhite Collar Crime941 Words   |  4 PagesA present day study of the term white collar crime, is as controversial as i t is general. If you log onto the F.B.I. website to see a host of crimes ranging from health care fraud to computer fraud. (www.fbi.gov) Criminologists, with a focus on the law, contend that many of the behaviors society believes to be white collar crimes are in fact not crimes at all. Without a statute to define a behavior as a criminal violation of law, behaviors could be labeled by individual standards rather than inRead MoreChapter 7. 7.1 What Is Deviance?. Deviance – Behavior That1447 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 7 7.1 What is Deviance? Deviance – behavior that departs from societal or group norms Crime – an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law Social Control – consists of the forces and processes that encourage conformity, including: self control, informal and formal control Criminal Justice System – the organizations - police, courts, and prison officials - that respond to alleged violations of the law The Biological Context †¢ GeneticRead More Violence Against Women Act of 1994 Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesprivate of which the government has not been concerned about nor was it considered the government’s business to intervene on behalf of a battered spouse. The unlawful nature of this failure for state or federal government intervention against this crime contributed to the systematic abuse of women in the family. The traditions, customs, and common law found in both British and American societies continued right up until the last decade of the 20th century and left the battered wives and very frequentlyRead MoreDurkheim s Theory Of The Division Of Labor1069 Words   |  5 Pagesdivision of labor the function of bearing the fruits of civilization. This, Durkheim notes, renders the division of labor neutrally moral, since there would be the absence of necessity for it to impose rules of behavior. He observes that is surely not this way, with the risings cases of suicides and crimes being called into question. Furthermore, he develops his counterpoint by highlighting that civilization itself - the product of the division of labor in the framework he critiques - can hardly be givenRead MoreThe Problem Of Criminal Behavior876 Words   |  4 Pages Crime is something that impacts everyone whether directly as a victim or indirectly through societal and economical cost. By understanding the causes of criminal behavior it may be possible to change some of the factors and eliminate some criminal behavior. However, it is not simple, and understanding the behavior of the criminal does not necessarily eliminate criminal behavior. The roots of criminal behavior have been heavily debated. During the eighteenth century social philosophers suchRead MorePunishment Philosophies1704 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophies. These express various concerns and arguments regarding appropriate sentencing and treatment. The philosophy of rehabilitation dominates the proceedings of juvenile courts, and is heavily scrutinized at an adult level, or when the criminal behavior of juveniles continues to accelerate, but when successful is most beneficial for society. The appeals process advances the fair practice of law, helps ensure the rights of due process, and continues to clarify and define justice and the law.

Sales Management for Sales Forecast and Budget - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSales Management for Sales Forecast and Budget. Answer: As per the case study, Sonia persuades her manager regarding the sales budget and the sales forecast in the form of explaining the manager about the essentiality sales forecast and the sales budgeting. The characteristics features of the sales forecast and the sales budgeting represents that it brings flexibility in the budgeting and also the working can be explained to be justified. Moreover, the efficiency of the organization is seemed to be increased as it is showing the effective planning which shows the essentiality of the sales management and also the control (Berry, 2010). Therefore, the persuasion can be easily made by illustrating the importance of the sales forecast and the sales budget in the sales management and control. The advice which must be provided to the manager by her is represented to be showing the sales management method of the audit. The sales management method of the audit will enable in managing the forecasting of the sales with Managing the key accounts. Therefore the appropriate and the trustworthy data can be generated by the usage of this method and also it will help in projecting the revenues as it is being characterized (Sharma, 2010). This advice will enhance the efficacy of the processes used in the organization and also the benefits can be easily achieved. References Berry, T. (2010).Sales and market forecasting for entrepreneurs. New York: Business Expert Press. Sharma, N. (2010).Sales management. Jaipur, India: ABD Publishers.

How to Write Persuasive Essays

How to Write Persuasive EssaysWriting a persuasive essay topic can be a challenge for you. You must be able to think out of the box and use what you have learned in college writing courses. I'll teach you how to write an essay on a different persuader.There are many schools that teach many persuasive techniques. One of them is to answer every question with another question. In this technique, you must also be able to answer what they want to know with another question. Your replies should be similar but different enough to make them think twice about responding to your questions.You have to make sure that you are able to write convincingly without sounding like a robot. This is why you need to practice speaking like someone who speaks and writes. The more you speak and write, the better you will get at writing persuasive essays.Another way to develop a persuasive essay topics is to take an assignment and follow the instructions in the assignment. In this way, you can apply all of the information you learned from college writing courses to your assignments.You must be careful not to make grammatical errors or misspellings in your assignments. You want to make sure that all of your assignments are written correctly and in proper grammar.One of the ways you can go about getting good grades in the class is to follow the lesson plan and complete your assignments according to the directions given by the teacher. You don't want to leave any room for mistakes in the assignments you have to write.You have to be able to use all of the skills that you have learned in college writing courses in order to write persuasive essay topics. When you come across situations where you can use these skills to your advantage, then it is time to write an essay. These skills will help you write persuasive essays and be successful in college writing courses.These are just some of the skills you need to learn in order to write persuasive essay topics. You must be able to use knowledge you have learned in college writing courses to write persuasive essays. It takes experience to develop a powerful essay topic.